DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

FRANKLIN K. LANE , SECRETARY 


. 


•y 


BUREAU OF MINES 

VAN. H. MANNING, director 


IN COOPERATION WITH 

THE STATE OF OKLAHOMA 


UNDERGROUND PROBLEMS 

IN THE 

COMANCHE OIL AND GAS FIELD 

STEPHENS COUNTY, OKLAHOMA. 


BY 

T. E. SWIGART 



SEPTEMBER. 1919 







DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

FRANKLIN K. LANE. SECRETARY 

BUREAU OF MINES 

u 

VAN. H. MANNING, director 

IN COOPERATION WITH 

THE STATE OF OKLAHOMA 


UNDERGROUND PROBLEMS 

IN THE 

COMANCHE OIL AND GAS FIELD 

STEPHENS COUNTY, OKLAHOMA. 


B Y 

T. E. SWIGART 




SEPTEMBER. 1919 




\ Wv\i 

.0^f\5 


LIBRARY OF LONOKtSS 

RECEDES 

JUL 30 1926 

DOCUMENTS DIVISION 







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C 0 IT T E N T s 


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Page. 

Purpose and scope of the report . ».. 1 

Acknowledgments. 2 ' 

Geologic structure of the Comanche field.2 

General Notes on geolory .......... . , 2 

The stratigraphic contour map ....3 

Use of contour map in future development ......... 4 

Use of composite log .................. 5 

Accuracy of contour map. 6 

Accuracy of composite log . 6 

The Wilson formation .. 9 

Probable limits of producing sands in Wilson formation . . 9 
Nature of cap rock .................. . 10 

Dry offsets of Carter 1...* . 10 

The 850-foot gas layer ..................... . .11 

Other upper formations of interest ..* 11 

Upper water sands. 11 

The Bottom water sand.... 13 


Other deep water sands ..14 

Deep oil sands . . . .................. 14 

The 1800-foot oil sand ........... . 14 

The 2260-foot sand 14 


Drilling conditions ....................... 15 

General statement . ....... . 15 

Comparison of standard and rotary tools.*.16 

Drilling in Southern Oklahoma . ........ 16 

Method of making a good rotary log.. 18 

The use of core drills ......... . ....... ,19 
































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Page - 


Suitable development methods for Comanche field ... ♦ « 19 

Proper casing depths * ... * . ............ 21 

Methods of shutting off water at Comanche . ... . . . . . ,21 

The formation shut-off ...... . 21 

With diamond-point bit-Rotary tools » ..22 

Seating the casing in small-hole Rotary and cable tools . . 22 

Formation shut-off with use of a packer-Rotary or cable 

tools ...... * ...»«•».•«■* 22 

Shut-off with the use of cement ...*••«»«»*»•* 22 

Best cementing practice . .. 23 

The Perkins process, or two-plug method.. 23 

The one-plug method ... ... 23 

Dump bailer method ............ . 24 

The tubing methods ....... . ........ 25 

Shooting to bring in production ...... . ...... 25 

.Analyses .. 25 

Oil distillations.<.* 25 

Gas analyses ..... . ........... 26 

Water analyses 27 

Method of obtaining a water sample .....♦•♦••••* 29 
Need for cooperative work between the engineer and driller .... 30 

Conclusions .. .31 

Appendix ... * . .............. 32 


Table showing locations and elevations of wells at Comanche . 
Brief histories and drilling records of Comanche wells .... 

ILLUSTRATIONS 

PLATE 1. Map of the Comanche oil and gas field with 

stratigraphic contours and composite log.. . 4 

PLATE 11. Section of well logs from Carter 3, Section 17, 

T.2S*, R»7W. through intervening wells to 
Enloe 1, Sec. 30, T.2S*> R.7W. . i . . 


• • 


4 
























UNDERGROUND PROBLEMS IN THE COMANCHE OIL AND GAS FIELD, 

STEPHENS COUNTY, OKLAHOMA. 



T. E. SWIGART. 


PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF THE REPORT. 

This paper deals with one branch of the work done by the 
Bureau of Mines at the Bartlesville station, namely, the study 
of a producing oil and gas field with the view to promoting 
more efficient and less wasteful operation. The area chosen 
for study was the Comanche oil and gas field; its production 
is still negligible, but the process of development in the 
early stages has offered wide scope for the work of the engin¬ 
eer. Results of the investigation are presented in this report. 
Its purpose is to point out how certain applied engineering 
methods will aid in making the development of an area safer, 
more economical, and the wells more productive. Mention is 
made of geologic features only when necessary to clarity of 
discussion. 

Attention is called to Bulletin 195, "Underground Condi¬ 
tions in Oil Fields," by A. W. Ambrose* which covers in a 
thorough, yet concise manner, the most up-to-date engineering 
practices of large corporations on their drilling and produc¬ 
ing properties. The work at Comanche was conducted along the 
lines described by Mr. Ambrose, and as many of the ideas as 
were applicable were followed out. 

Aided by the regularity of the formations and prolific 
sands, the operators of northern and eastern Oklahoma have had 
considerable success without the help of underground engineer¬ 
ing, but even in these fields many glaring examples of waste 
and inefficiency, caused by improper development methods, jus¬ 
tify the employment of a practical engineer. With the dis¬ 
covery of Healdton, Fox, Walters, and other similar fields, the 
need for sounder policies of development has become greater and 
certain companies have already assigned resident geologists or 
engineers to this work. Comanche is another area with lenticu¬ 
lar sands and was chosen as a starting point for the work in 
Southern Oklahoma. This field was in the stage of active de¬ 
velopment and because of the increasing amount of trouble, the 

*Ambrose, A. W7, Underground Conditions in Oilfields, Bull.195, 

Bureau of Mines (in course of publication). 











































% 


writer gave it detailed, attention* The first part of the paper 
deals with the general conditions at Comanche, and outlines the 
nature of the work attempted* Under the Geologic Structure of 
the Comanche Field the few remarks on the geology of the region 
are meant to give the reader an idea of the kinds of formations 
encountered. The description of the structure and the use of 
the contour map and composite log is given with the idea of de¬ 
termining the productive horizons, as well as of showing the 
successive water, gas and oil sands and the depths at which they 
may be expected in new wells. 

The discussion of the Wilson formation should prove of in¬ 
terest as the lenticular character of these sands has already 
cost the operators a number of dry holes. Brief descriptions of 
the various water* gas and oil sands are also given as they form 
the only important key beds with the data at hand. 

As regards drilling methods, and the merits of standard and 
ro'cary tools, the writer acknowledges a very useful field for 
both cable and rotary drilling methods. 

Such matters as deepening, shutting off water, proper depths 
at which to land casing, shooting, etc. all merit the attention 
of the engineer, and the discussion given represents the views of 
many practical men. 

The writer discusses gas, oil and water analysis and offers 
a few suggestions on the usefulness of water analyses in devel¬ 
opment . 


ACKNOWLEDGMENTS * 

The writer is pleased to acknowledge the cordial coopera¬ 
tion of Messrs. J. E. Keller and J. Z. Zimmerman, of the Comanche 
Petroleum Company, and of Messrs. E. E« Gilbert and Roy Irick, of 
the Magnolia Petroleum Company. To Messrs. J. G. Beard, George 
Bowden, D. R# Jones, J. L. Crump, G. K. Terry, R. Riggins, J. H. 
Acord, William Richardson, Joe Hartmangruben and Ralph Tibbons 
thanks, are tendered for their assistance and cooperation. 

Acknowledgment is due the following members of the Bureau 
of Mines for their aid and constructive criticisms:- Messrs. J. 

0. LewisP. Dykema, A. W. Ambrose, H. B. Hill, E, W. Wagy, F. 
B. Tough, A. A. Hammer and R. E. Collom. The analyses of oil, 
gas and water samples were made by Messrs. R. 0. Neal, Donald B. 
Dow, and Marcellus Law. 


GEOLOGIC STRUCTURE OF THE COMANCHE FIELD. 

General Notes on Geology and Structure : 

Comanche, like other areas, such as the Walters field, Loco 
and West Duncan field is in the "Red Bed" region. The structure 

O 

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is that of a dome-like anticline having a northwest trend; flat 
noses extend towards the northwest and southeast hut the flanks 
on the northeast and southwest dip steeply. The direction and 
amount of dip of the Permian red beds in southern Oklahoma is 
the source of much argument and speculation among geologists and 
so far has not been determined to everybody's satisfaction.* 
Determination of the major structure is difficult because well 
defined outcrops are few* 

No fossils have ever been found in the shallow wells, but 
in the drill cuttings of the Frank Perry 1 on section 18, T3S, 

R7\f, a few crinoid stems were found at 2000 feet* This is deep¬ 
er than the Pennsylvanian contact is believed to be, but other 
information leads one to believe that the drill penetrates 
Pennsylvanian beds at about 1200 feet* 

The structure of the oil-producing formation may be de¬ 
scribed as an anticlinal dome, although the lack of well data 
east and north of town makes the determining of the closure im¬ 
possible. The axis of the fold has a northwest strike, like that 
of most folds wouth of the Wichita and Arbuckle Mountains. 

The crest of the dome lies in the N, W, quarter., of Sec¬ 
tion 20, T2S, R7W. Clara Wilson 1 and Clara Wilson 4 are evi¬ 
dently at the highest points, the Wilson sand in these wells 
being just 307 feet below sea level. 

The northwest and southeast extensions of the structure 
dip much more gradually than the northeast and southv/est flanks 
and should furnish the best areas for development. The north¬ 
west sector has already shown more promise than any of the other 
flanks, but unfortunately the Susan Perry well showed to such a 
poor advantage that development to the southeast has been neglect¬ 
ed. 


Tf the sand was uniform in texture, porosity, and thickness 
the wells/^hat part of the structure which drains long flatly 
dipping flanks would be expected to have the greatest source of 
supply^and be longest lived. At Comanche this is not exactly 
true; the Carter wells are on a steep flank and their productiv¬ 
ity results from favorable sand conditions. In the southeast, 
sector the location of the Susan Perry well was structurally 
good for finding an accumulation of gas and oil, but the test 
was far from encouraging as the Wilson sand carried no oil or 
gas, and the oil sand at 1559 feet seemed to carry both oil and 
salt water. 

The Stratigraphic Conrour Map : 

The most satisfactory contour map would be one whose con¬ 
tours represented the surface of the producing sand and almost 
as satisfactory would be one whose contours represented the sur- 
face of a conti nuous and easily recognized bed at a known interval 

^Bulletin 19, Oklahoma Geological Survey, Part'll. Hager, Lee, Oil 
and Gas Journal, Oct. 17,1919, Geology of the Red River Country. 














I 














> 















not far above the producing sand* Whether such a continuous 
layer exists at Comanche is hard to decide as the rotary logs 
do not give sufficiently accurate data. At one time in the 
work the writer found the contact of overlying shales with mas¬ 
sive sandstone at 315 feet above the Wilson formation. This 
sandstone continues almost uninterrupted for 80 or 100 feet in 
a number of logs in the southwest comer of Section 17 and north 
west corner of Section 20, but in other parts of the field it 
either does not exist or the rotaries have failed to find it. 

The need for such a marker is evident because the Wilson sand 
is not a continuous, but rather a number of lenticular sands* 

For this reason the Wilson sand can not be contoured, and so the 
entire area was worked up on what will be termed the Wilson for¬ 
mation. Whether this is a definite formation, can not be said. 
At places the appearance of a grey shale or sandy shale in the 
drillings indicated that a definite formation does exist, where¬ 
as in other parts of the field only a thin bed of oil sand ap¬ 
pears between successive layers of shale or gumbo, as in the T. 
A, Edmunds well in Section 12, T.2,S», p.8,W. Attention is here 
called to the extent of the 850-foot gas sand, which seems to 
appear in practically every well log and is the most definite 
upper marker found. This sand greatly aided in solving the de¬ 
tail of the lenticular sands in Sections 17 and 18, T.2.S., 
R*7,W., and also proved another fact, namely that the producing 
part of the Wilson formation thickens and thins in different 
parts of the field* 

As a contour map could not be constructed with the actual 
producing sands as a base, but the contours had to be made on a 
regularly dipping surface which, in this case, is termed the 
top of the Wilson formation. If at places this formation seemed 
imaginary, its theoretical top was determined by aid of the up¬ 
per sands, and that point taken as a basis for constructing the 
contour map. The contours thus show the true shape and dip of 
the anticlinal structure and are not influenced by the thinning 
of layers or by discontinuous sands. 


Use of Contour hap in Future Development ; 

As explained above, the depth of the Wilson formation does not 
show the depth at which oil will be found in every part of the 
field. But certainly, oil from the Wilson sands should not oc¬ 
cur at a shallower depth than that shown by the map, hence the 
map will be a safeguard against passing through the producing 
sand. By intelligent application of known facts, a certain in¬ 
terval can be added to the depth shown by the contours to ob¬ 
tain more nearly the true depth of the oil for any certain local 
ity» This interval changes in various parts of the field and 
Plate II illustrates how it can be determined for the S. W. -q: 
of section 17, T2S, R7W. The following is the procedure in the 
case of a new location, where it is desirable to estimate the 
depth of the oil sand and from that the depth of certain markers 
above. 


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tbA/ANCHF OIL AND GAS 

MELD 

> l STEPHENS COUNTY OKLAHOMA 


STR > *-/Cj-zURfizrt/C CON POORS ON TOR OR b//LSOH RORMRT/ON 

COMPOSITE L.OG- 

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(l) Take the elevation of ground where the hole is to he 
drilled and add two or three feet to make elevation approximate¬ 
ly that of derrick floor. * 

(3) Correctly locate the well in the field with reference 
to nearest section, half or quarter section corner, then plot 
to scale on the map. 

(3) Add elevation of well to the figure obtained by read¬ 
ing between the two nearest contours between which the well 
lies, the result being depth of the top of the Wilson formation. 

(4) If location is in a part of the field where the produc¬ 
ing sand is suspected to lie at the top of the Wilson formation, 
as it does in the vicinity of Clara Wilson 1 and 4, John Wilson 
1 and 2, Exchequer and Alice Isaac wells, the figure obtained 

in ( 3 ) should be the depth of the producing sand. However, for 
a well drilled in a location such as that of Carter 3, section 
17, T3S, R7W, 350 feet north of Carter 1 > the depth shown by the 
map 'would not be the depth of the oil sand, so an interval of 
about 25 feet should be added to give more nearly the true depth 
of the oil sand. Adding such an interval is made necessary by 
the irregularity of the producing sand between Clara Wilson 1 
and Carter 5, and the occurrence of the new lens of oil sand.** 

In drilling a new location in any part of this field the 
operator should observe the utmost caution in going below the 
point estimated from the contour map, as gas or oil may be found 
at any depth below. With rotary tools a gas sand is hard to 
recognize and every sand encountered near the depth of the pro¬ 
ducing zone deserves a thorough test by washing and bailing be¬ 
fore it is cased off. 


Use of Composite Log : 

The composite log shown on Plate I should aid in determining 
the depths of various markers. It shows the intervals between 
these sands or limes indicated from a study of all logs in the 
field. For instance, an upper water and gas sand may be expect¬ 
ed about S40 to 955 feet above the Wilson formation, the 850- 
foot gas sand occurs 500 feet above the Wilson formation and a 
contact between shales and underlying heavy sandstone members 
lies at 313 feet above the Wilson formation. 

To make use of this log in preparing a list of markers to 
be looked for in any new drilling well, first determine the depzh 
of the Wilson formation by adding the elevation to the figure 
read from the contour map, then subtract or add from the depth 
so determined, , the intervals shown on the com¬ 

posite log. The list should be checked by aid of a section of 
well logs, then pasted in the log book or tacked in a conspicu- 
ous place in th e derrick. 

NOTE:- See footnotes at top of following page. 


—o — 











9 1 




*A11 elevations are taken on derrick floor because measurement 
of depths are from floor. The floor also gives a definite 
bench mark which does away "With all confusion as to where 
elevation is taken. Until the rig is built, however, two 
or three feet added to ground elevation will give the ele¬ 
vation of the derrick floor very closely. 

*"*See Plate II, also page 4 . 


The following example illustrates the procedure followed 
in determining depths, etc. in the proposed location for Isaac 
2 , Section 19, T3S, R7W: 


Ground elevarion above sea-level..1003.7 taken in field 
Add, say, 3^ feet for height of 

derrick floor. 3,5 

Elevation on derrick floor.1006.3 

Depth of Wilson formation. 393 feet from contour map 

Depth from derrick floor to top of_ 

Wilson formation...1398 feet (by addition) 


Depth of Wilson formation.........1398 

Interval to upper gas or water 

sand.... 944 


Depth to top of upper gas layer... 454 


feet 

feet from composite log 
feet (subtracting) 


Depth of Wilson formation.1398 feet 

Interval to 850-foot gas sand. 498 feet from composite log 

Depth to top of 850-foot gas layer 900 feet (subtracting) 


Depth of Wilson formation.....1398 

Interval to top of next gas or 

water sand. ... . 390 

Depth to top of sand.....*.1008 


feet 

feet 

feet (subtracting) 


Depth of Wilson formation....1398 feet 

Interval to heavy sandstone layer. 315 feet 
Depth to sandstone contact.1083 feet 


Depth of Wilson formation..1398 feet 

Interval to first oil sand layer♦. 85 feet 

Depth to first oil sand..1313 feet 


Depth of Wilson formation.........1398 

Interval to bottom water sand. 80 

Depth to bottom water sand.1478 


feet 

feet (or more) 

feet (approx.) adding. 


Depth to top of Wilson formation..1398 
Interval to 1800-foot oil sand.... 454 
Depth to 1800-foot oil sand...1853 


feet 

feet 

feet(adding) 


-6- 





































> • • « y 




• • 


t • 










After these computations have "oeen made and checked, if 
possible, bysections, a driller’s memorandum should be made in 
duplicate in some such form as shown below. 

”To Drillers of Isaac 3: 

You may expect the following sands to occur at or near 
depths given below. Upon nearing these depths please watch 
formations closely. 


Elevation on derrick floor...1006 feet 

Depth to: 

1. Shallow gas or 'water sand........... 454 feet 

3. 850-foot gas layer... 900 feet 

5. Gas or water sand...1008 feet 

4. Top of a thick sandstone layer......1083 feet 

5. Top of first oil sand....1313 feet 

6. Wilson formation. ..1398 feet 

Do not drill deeper than.....1440 feet 

without permission. 


(Signed)_ 

Superintendent . ir 


Accuracy of Contour 1/lap : 

The accuracy of the contour map will be found to differ in 
different parts of the field, being dependent upon certain fac¬ 
tors such as proximity of new location to wells already drilled, 
correctness of the logs, spacing of the wells, etc. Where corre¬ 
lation is uncertain, the contours are dotted in. 

Future development will be necessary before this entire 
area can be contoured with certainty, but it is hoped that the 
work so far done in uncertain sectors will be of some aid in lo¬ 
cating the producing horizons. If development is followed 
closely, no mistakes would probably be made with the data on 
hand, and by degrees the entire area can be worked up with cer¬ 
tainty. 


Accuracy of the Composite Log : 

All the formations shown on the composite log can not be 
expected in every well, because there are not many continuous 
formations in Comanche, and, the information used in compiling 
the composite section came from rotary logs 'which are known to 
be unreliable. 

The number of sands that may be expected and the depths at 
which they will occur is well illustrated by the following ex¬ 
ample. The composite log was made before John Wilson 3 was dril¬ 
led so the estimated sands and depths are independent of those 
actually found in John Wilson 3. 


- 7 - 

















i 













JO HIT WILSON 3 


Sec. 19, T2S, R7W . 


ESTIMATED FROM 

COITTOUR MAP AND COT'IPO SITE LOG 


ACTUAL FORMATION RECORD 
•(ROTARY TOOLS) OF THE NELL 


(Feet) 

Elevation derrick 

floor. 1020 

Wilson formation 

"below sea level... 340 
Depth to VTilson 


(Feet) 


Red shale and very 


formation . 

1360 



hard gravel ...... 

. 1360 

to 

1372 

Max, thickness found 

55 



Sand. 

. 1399 

to 

1403 

Bottom Wilson 








formation .. . 

1415 



Oil sand . 

. 1403 

to 

1415 

After determining the 

depth of 

' the 

Wilson formation the 

other 

sand depths 

were computed and comp 

iared as 

shown below: 




Water sand. 

190 

to 

213 

Sand rock.. 

. 205 

to 

215 

TTa. f. r ?r nriri PT'. q.. 

405 



qpriti. . . . . * 

. 399 

to 

425 

Water sand . 

507 



Hard sandy lime .... 

. 507 

850 1 gas layer . 

855 

to 

875 

Gray sand . 

. 860 

to 

870 

Water sand . 

917 



Gray sand . 

. 920 

to 

926 

Gas sand . 

964 



Sandy shale . 

. 938 

to 

T75 

100 1 sands tone 








layer (top) . 

1045 



Gray sand 

1041- 



Oil sand. 

1144 

to 

1164 

Sandshclls. 

. 1154 

to 

1160 

Show of oil. 

1225 

to 

1248 

Brown and gray sand 

• 







shows oil. 

. 1224 

to 

1252 

Sand,shows oil. 

1275 

to 

1305 

Hard sand... 

. 1288 

to 

1293 

- - (not found 








before) . 



— 

Sand,shows oil. 

. 1305 

to 

1317 

Water sand. 

1445 



Hard sandy lime.... 

. 1450 

to 

1460 

Water sand. 

1525 



Sandy lime rock 








and gray sand.... 

. 1524 

to 

1535 

Show oil or water... 

1610 



Hard sand and lime. 

. 1600 

to 

1618 

Oil sand, pay (?)... 

1814 



Oil sand.... 

. 1799 

to 

1809 


- 8 - 












































r* / 




-V - 























THE WILSON FORMATION. 

The term Wilson formation is applied to that zone which 
includs gas^and oil bearing sands of varying character. Al¬ 
though the r ilson formation seems to be a- sand in certain parts 
of the field, in other parts, the sand seems to thin out or grade 
into a sandy shale* To distinguish the top of the formation in 
these localities would be impossible unless the approximate 
depth was known beforehand and a "break" or change of formation 
was felt by the driller at about that depth. 

^At^one uime the writer believed he had detected a fault, 
buc feeling that this conclusion was not warranted by the data 
from only two wells. Carter 3 and 3, variations of interval have 
been attributed to the lenticular character of the oil sands. 

The shallow gas sand is an excellent marker and is continuous 
all over the field, hence considerable weight has been given to 
its depth in the various wells. 

The possibility of the shallow gas sand and the Wilson sand 
being unccnformable was considered, too little information is 
available to warrant adopting such a view. 

The Wilson sand is a medium-grained, brown sand in the pro¬ 
ductive area, but is nowhere of constant thickness; 38 feet of 
the sand was logged in Clara Wilson 1, and 43 feet in John Wilson 
1, but other wells near by found only 7 to 30 feet of "pay"♦ 

Further proof of the lenticular character of the producing 
sands may be found by comparing the analyses of oils from the 
Carter wells, Clara Wilson 1,and Isaac 1. The gravity of oil 
from Carter 1 was 38°Be'. and the gasoline content 37 per cent 
whereas oil from Clara Wilson 1, only 1500 feet away, had a grav¬ 
ity of 33.6° Be'", and'a gasoline content of 17 per cent. Dupli¬ 
cate samples taken from the wells at a later date gave concordant 
results. This strengthens the conclusion that the Carter 1 and 
Clara Wilson 1, are producing from different sands. The oil sam¬ 
ples from Isaac 1, and John Wilson 3, were about the same grade 
as oil from the Clara Wilson 1, with gravities of 33.7° Be r . and 
a gasoline content of 17 per cent.* 


Probable limits cf producing sands in Wilson formation : 

So far, the most productive oil sand is that from which the 
Carter l produces. This sand pinches out to the south and west 
and is dry due east, hence the only sector uncondemned is to the 
north. 


The limits of the main body of sand from which Clara Wilson 
1, John Wilson I and 3, and the Isaac well produce are hard to 
define. This sand must extend as far as section 34, T3S, R8W, 
•where the well of the Osage Oil and Gas Co. struck it, but Brown 
1 (in section 34, T3S, R8W) and Weldon 1 (in section 30, T3S, 
R7W) indicate that the sand pinches out to the south. To the 

*See oage 35 for analysis of Comanche oils. 

-9- 

















northwest it seerns that the Edmonds well struck the same sand 
near 1600 feet. Weldon 1, the Park well, and Susan Perry prac¬ 
tically condemn the southeast sector as far as the Wilson for¬ 
mation is concerned and the Enloe wells apparently settle the 
fate of the district south of town, because the Wilson sand is 
known to bear salt water. 


Nature of Gan Rock : 

. _ The cap rocks at Comanche vary in nature and quality 
and indeed no continuous layer of impervious rock exists. The 
existence of a hard layer over the sand is indicated in the 
N. W. 1/4 of section 30 and N* E. 1/4 of section 19, T3S, R7W, 
The Clara Wilson 1, 3, 3, and 4, the Comanche Park well, the 
John Wilson 1 and 3, and Isaac 1 all found rock, either hard 
sand or lime shell. The proper formation in which to land the 
casing must be determined for each individual well by "feeling 
ahead" with a small bit. 


The Dry Offsets of Carter 1 : 

It is believed that the wells which offset Carter 1 to 
the east, south and west are not dry because of improper drill¬ 
ing or casing methods. It seems that the oil sand encountered 
at 1373 feet in Carter 1 grades into a sandy shale towards 
the east, south and west. In Clara Wilson 3, this sand was 
good for about 5 barrels per day, but in Carter 3 the sand was 
badly broken with shale and showed only a little oil. The shell 
in Carter 1 from 1365 to 1366 feet, on the other hand, seems to 
widen out and is logged as a sand in Clara Wilson 3, an oil sand 
in Clara Wilson 3, and is part of the productive horizon in 
Clara Wilson 1. See Plate II, page 4, 

The Bristow well showed a poor oil sand from 1365 to 1370 
feet. That this sand is the same as that encountered in Carter 
1 also seems clear, but the presence of blue shale, seemingly 
as streaks in the sand, strengthens the writer’s belief that the 
sand was grading into a sandy shale. Further west the Exchequer 
well and John Wilson 3 show in the top of the Wilson formation, 
a productive sand which is more like the productive layer en¬ 
countered in Clara Wilson 1. 

Clara Wilson 3 was reported dry, but it is thought that 
the casing is cemented too low. The well was drilled with ro¬ 
tary tools to 1308 feet, and the top of the oil sand was logged 
at 1307 feet. With the 6-5/8 inch casing cemented at 1307 feet 
it is not at all unlikely that the formation between 1390 and 
1307 was gas bearing and indeed the well did show a little gas 
when drilled in. 


- 10 - 

























e 












«*<• 








• <\ ' 





THE 850-F0CT GAS LAYER. 


The 850-foot gas layer, so called for lack of a specific 
name, is surprisingly continuous. Excepting in a few of the 
poorest logs this sand was indicated in almost every well, and 
it served as the best marker in helping to determine the Wilson 
formation. The edge-water level is of course unknown, but the 
Leolena Johnson 1 is so low on the flank of the anticline that 
the gas may extend over a considerable area. This well has not 
gone.to water as yet. The gas was also noted in the Dirks well, 
Section 12, T2S, R8W, which again indicates that the sand in ex¬ 
tensive. 

Analyses of the gas from this shallow sand appear on page 
26 of this report. The productivity of the shallow wells is 
rather encouraging as it shows the gas sand to be of consider¬ 
able value. 


OTHER UPPER FORMATIONS OF INTEREST. 

Excepting the 850-foot gas sand and the water sands to be 
discussed later, the only formations of particular interest at 
Comanche are the oil sand 85 feet above the Wilson formation and 
the asphaltum sand about 214 feet above the Wilson formation. 

The first sand has been logged as oil sand in three wells 
only, the John Wilson 1, from 1282 to 1304 feet; the John Wilson 
2, from 1274 to 1281 feet; and the T. A. Edmunds from 1486 to 1500 
feet; but the presence of sand at that stratigraphic depth in 
other wells indicates that it may be more extensive than at first 
believed. 

The other sand was found in Susan Perry 1 at 1097 feet which 
correlates with the asphalt sand at 1119 feet in Clara Wilson 2. 
This is probably only a small lens of asphaltum sand, but no test 
was made on Susan Perry 1 as the geologist was not at the well 
when the drillers passed that formation.* ** Neither of these sands 
have been given a regular test. 


UPPER WATER SANDS-* 

Various water sands are found, the principal ones being 
shown in the log of Carter 1, Section 17. However, it must be 
borne in mind that (l) to find water sands with rotary tools water 
sands requires a special test, and (2) water will probably no be 
found in the same sand throughout the field, very few of the water 
sands being continuous. 


* See page 34 Appendix II (Record of Susan Perry l). 

** See Composite log, Plate I. 


- 11 - 








nr 






* -‘xo tv 








i 






v-r 

t • 


The water sands noticed are described individually below* 

(l) Fresh water is found in many parts of the field in a 
sand overlying the Wilson formation at"about 1170 feet,* although 
logged as water in only a few wells, the rotary drillers did log 
a sand at this level in probably two-thirds of the logs. 

(3) About 940 feet above the Wilson formation a water and 
gas sand was found in Carter 1; it lies about 955 feet above the 
1f ilson formation in Enloe 1* Although not recorded as a water 
sand, this sand is found in most of the logs. It is a fair mer¬ 
ger, but lies too high to be of much value, being at 395 feet in 
Carter 1, 475 feet in Enloe 1 and probably at 549 feet in the 
Pawnee Osage well, section 34, T3S, R8W. 

(3) The nexi: water sand recorded is one at 495 feet in Car¬ 
ter 1, approximately 850 feet above the Wilson formation. This 
sand is found at the corresponding stratigraphic level in many 
wells, but was not recorded as a water sand except at the Carter. 

(4) A water sand also occurs about 443 feet above the Wilson 
formation. Evidences of this sand are shown in other wells which 
log it as '’sand 1 '. 

(5) The most important upper water sand is at 1039 to 1051 
feet in Carter 1* This sand is no doubt lenticular and the 
writer believes should not be called a water sand, but rather a 
water zone. At a height of 315 feet above the top of the n ilson 
formation, a sandstone contact, mentioned on page 4 was found in 
a number of wells. The thickness of the zone in which sandstones 
predominate is indeterminate, but seems to be about one hundred 
feet in a number of places. Although water was not always found 
at the same level in this zone, it did occur in various sands of 
the layer in many wells, For instance, the following wells show 
water sands at this stratigraphic level.** 


WELL 


FORMATION DEPTH 


Carter 1 


Clara Wilson 3.... 

Clara Wilson 1, 
Chicken Roost.............. 

Comanche Park Well......... 

Enloe 1.................... 

Enloe 3 , ... 


,(Oil at 1039* (questionable) 
(Water at 1043 
(Water at 1103 
(Soft white sand at 1008 
(Soft sand at 1110 

Hard and soft sand 973 to 990’ 


Gray sand at 
Water sand at 
Dead oil sand at 
Water sand 


1013 

994 

1151 

1151 to 1195 1 


* All figures given as overlying the Wilson formation are mea¬ 
sured from top of Wilson formation to top of sand in question. 


** See composite log, Plate I, 


- 13 - 



























t 






Hence, future drilling should take into consideration 
the probability of a water zone between 315 and 315 feet above 
the Wilson formation. 


THE BOTTOM V*/ TER SAND 

The bottom water sand is taken to mean the water sand 
immediately underlying the Til son formation. Of course, if 
a deeper productive zone is developed, this, sand can no longer 
be termed the bottom water sand. Although ’’bottom water” is 
a term neither rigid nor descriptive, its use has grown with 
oil-field practice, and is continued here. 

As the Tilson formation proved to be comprised of len¬ 
ticular oil sands, the bottom water zone was not a continuous 
and regular sand. See section of logs, Plate II, Tells struck 
this lower sand as follows: 


TELL 

SAND 

DEPTH 

BELOW TOP OF 



TILSON 

FORMATION. 

Patsy Oil Go. Sec. 12 

Hard pack sand (?) 

75 

feet 

Carter 3 

Broken lime 

100 

u 

John Tilson 3 

Hard sandy lime 

90 

ii 

Frank Perry 1 

Or ~y sand 

95 

it 

Bristow 1 

No sand found at 




depth drilled 

72 

it 

Clara Tilson 2 

(Sandy lime 

90 

n 


(Salt water sand 

118 

it 

Clara Tilson 3*- 

Salt water sand 

90 

ii 

Clara " T ilson 4 

Sand,shows oil 

80 

ti 

Comanche Park 

Loose sand, der^d 

70 

H 

Susan Perry 1 

Sand (?) 

65 

it 

Weldon 1* 

Salt water sand 

105 

ii 


These figures then indicate that the bottom water occurs 
in a zone and may be expected anywhere below a depth of, say, 

80 feet below the top of the Tilson formation. It will, no 
doubt, be found in any formation loose enough to carry it, but 
so far has not been found less than 30 feet below the top of 
the Tilson formation. 

*See Tater Analyses, page 88. 




















( 








I 






This sand carries much salt water sand a*nd the water 
when tapped will raise two or three hundred feet in the hole. 
Analyses of this water made by Mr. D. B. Dow, of the Bureau of 
Mines, are given on pages £8 and 3S of this report. 


OTHER DEEP EATER SANDS 

A salt-water sand was found in Clara Edison 4 at 1485 
feet (190 feet below top of Wilson, formation) and in Enloe 1 
there was a salt water about 155 feet below the top of the Wil¬ 
son, Inasmuch as the formation overlying this sand in Clara 
Wilson 4 is sand, shell and quartz gravel it seems probable 
that this- is the same formation as that in Enloe 1, 

The oil and water sand at 1559 feet in Susan Perry 1, 
the tar sand at 1545 feet in the Comanche Park Well, the water 
sand at 1549 feet in Clara Wilson 4, and the sand (contents not 
determined) at 1667 feet in Frank Perry 1, all correlate nicely. 
This water sand, which seems continuous, occurs 350 feet be¬ 
low the top of the Wilson formation. Because of the use of 
rotary tools no samples from these deep water sands have ever 
been obtained. 


The 180 0 -boot Sand * DEEP OIL SANDS ( 

From present indications the 1800-foot sand at Comanche 
is the most promising of all. It has been encountered in the 
following wells.* 

Wells: Depth Thickness Productivity 


Frank Perry 1 

1933 

to 

1952 

feet 30 

not tested 

Clara Wilson 4 

1765 

it 

1834 

" 59 

not tested 

John Wilson 3 

1799 

n 

1803 

" not thru 

sand 15 barrels per day 

Carter 3 

1800 

u 

1804 

? (?) 

no test-- top of 






sand probably 






passed with rotary 






tools 

Dirks 1 

3030 



" (?) 

75 barrels per day 

Enloe 1 

1931 

it 

1937 

n (?) 

tested salt water 

The 3360-foot 

Sand. 






When the Frank Perry hole was lost by junking in April, 
1919, the oil sand from 3354 to 3365 feet was supposed to be the 
most encouraging feature that the field had developed. Clara 
Wilson 4 was drilled on the strength of this discovery, but at 


- 14 - 





















; • r ' • r 






* 


the.proper stratigraphic level failed to show any oil sand, 

A light brown sand was discovered at 2133 feet, however, which 
was logged as a water sand by the rotary driller without an 
actual test being made. The following tabulation gives the 
known data on this sand: 

Well Sand Depth, 

feet. 


Frank Perry Rich oil sand 2254 

Clara Wilson 4 Light brown sand; 

may carry water 2133 
Comanche Park Gray sand,tested 

water 2132 


DRILLING CONDITIONS 

General Statement . 

« 

For the most part, the upper part of a hole is "easy 
digging" with either standard or rotary tools, but at 2000 feet 
certain limes are so hard that a rotary bit will not make more 
than 6 or 8 inches of hole before losing its edge and gage. 

Rotary rigs are without a doubt, the most feasible and 
economical means of making hole in such a cavey area as this. 
The Red Beds consist primarily of red shale, with an occasional 
blue shale lens and a few scattered sands here and there. Un¬ 
less a hole is being drilled in hard sand or lime it tends to 
cave badly. This necessitates the use of a number of strings 
of casing with standard tools as the pipe soon becomes loggy. 
The only example of standard-tool drilling is Carter 1 and the 
casing record is given here to show the depth each string of 
casing was carried. 


Depth below 
Wilson forma¬ 
tion; feet. 

% 

843 

843 


Thick¬ 
ness 5 
feet, 

pp (not 
through) 

53 


842 


38 


Size of Pipe, 
inches 


Depth landed, 
feet 


20 Conductor pipe 
13 l/4 Casing 
10 Casing 
8 l/4 Casing 
6 5/8 Casing 

(No casing pulled) 


47 

543 

947 

1336 

1376 


- 15 - 





















COMPARISON OF STANDARD AND ROTARY TOOLS 
Drilling in Southern Oklahoma . 

Both rotary and cable tools have advantages and disad¬ 
vantages for drilling in southern Oklahoma. 

For drilling hard formations that stand up we11 in 
the hole and allow casing to be moved or pulled practically 
at will, undoubtedly cable tools are more satisfactory. 

They can penetrate hard formations that a rotary bit can 
only scratch, show with greater certainty the nature of for¬ 
mation penetrated, and above all make it possible to iden¬ 
tify every show of gas, water or oil no matter how small, if 
drilling with a "dry hole.” The accurate information gained 
from a standard tool hole is invaluable, hence standard 
tools are a great favorite in "wild cat" work. 

Standard tool drilling should not end when the first 
wild cat well has become an oil well for the exact location 
of the sands in other parts of the field cannot be deter¬ 
mined from the log of one hole. All pioneer work should be 
carried out with cable tools to insure that the information 
which an operator needs and deserves is dependable. 

When the sands have been definitely determined, how¬ 
ever, one soon finds that rotary tools used in combination 
•with standard tools overshadow cable tools in carrying on 
the drilling campaign. For drilling the upper formations 
of the hole, rotary tools will have the advantage of lower 
cost, protection of certain upper gas and oil sands without 
the use of extra casing, no reduction in size of hole, and 
greater speed of drilling. For comparison, the following 
approximate figures are quoted for cost of well drilling in 
southern Oklahoma by (l) cable tools and (-2) rotary tools: 


(l) Standard Tools .* 

(a) 96-ft, rig - no machinery - approx.§3500.00 

(b) Drilling contract - 1381 ft. at §5 per ft , . . 6905.00 

(c) Fuel - 90 days at §13 per day. 1080.00 

(d) Casing 

20" • - 90# - 47ft. © 7.10 § 33.37 

13 1/2"- 42# - 543ft. © 2.91 1570.13 

10" - 35# - 947ft. © 2.04 1931.88 

** 8 1/4" - 24# - 1336ft, © 1.40 - 

6 5/8" - 24# - 1374ft. © 1.36 1868.64 

5404.02 

(e) Swabbing and bailing 480.00 

Total cost with standard tools §17369.02 

♦All price quotations are for August, 1919. 

**To give due credit to standard tool method the 81/4 casing 
at 1336 feet was omitted from the cost statement. 


- 16 - 






























# 


(3) Rotary Tools . 

(al 96 ft. rig - no machinery.$ 750,00 

(b) Drilling contract - 1331 ft @ $5 per ft, 6905.00 

(c) Fuel - 15 days at $15 per day 325,00 

(d) Casing 

10" ■' - 35# - 47 ft. © 2.04 $ 85,88 
6 5/8”- 24# 1374 ft. © 1,36 1868,64 

1954,52 

(e) Swabbing and bailing 480.00 

Total cost with rotary tools $10314.52 

Total Cost per foot. 

(TJ T7ith standard tools. $12,58 

(3) !7ith rotary tools .. 7,47 


These figures illustrate the comparative costs of two 
wells and approximate the average costs for wells drilled by 
the two methods. Evidently standard-tool drilling costs more 
than rotary-tool drilling, also a rotary rig may be preferred 
because of speed. If the lease holder using standard tools 
decides to sink a well which may require an offset, surely he 
would not like to have the operator of an adjoining property 
sink an offset with rotary tools in, say, three weeks and 
drain the territory for three or four months before his offset 
could be completed. Again an operator must have considerable 
capital tied up in tools, casing, leases, etc. and meet the 
constant overheaa expense of super intendency, etc. Hence he 
drills his property rapidly in order to realize a return on 
his investment as soon as possible Rapid drilling not only, 
protects against offsets on adjoining properties, but cuts 
down the time that must elapse before a property is on a pay¬ 
ing basis. 


Some disadvantages of rotary drilling, even for wells 
in proven territory ore as follows: (l) Inaccurate well logs, 
because of the drillers* inability ro detect a change or to 
determine the character of the formation being penetrated; (2) 
impossibility of decocting a water sand without a test; (3) 
possibility of passing a gas sand; (4) possibility of passing 
an oil sand; (5; danger of mudding off an oil or gas sand with¬ 
out realizing it; (6; inability to drill hard formations. 

There is always the possibility of mudding in a gas or 
oil sand, particularly -where the rock pressure is not very high. 
In the halters field a 46,000,000 cubic foot gas-sand was 
passed without being discovered. As a column of mud fluid 
1000 feet high may exert a pressure of 477 pounds per square 
inch, it is not surprising that a gas sand with 300 or 400 
pounds rock pressure fails to blow out of a hole 1300 feet deep. 


- 17 - 










/ 














A sand may become permanently muaded unless it is "live” with 
sufficient gas pressure to clear itself 'when the column of 
fluid is reduced. 


Method of Making a Good Rotary Log . 


when th 
At such 
culates 


The rotary log may be kept with considerable accuracy 


nuaring a known oil or gas bearing formation, 
driller drills ahead for two feet, then cir- 
for, 20 minutes or half an hour, the interval 
depending on the depth and speed of pump. The casing head is 

a split collar which causes the stream of mud 
in one direction towards the sump. A bucket 


i drill is 
times the 
mud fluid 


provided 
fluid to 


with 

flow' 


.r tides 


placed under this stream of mud catches the heavier p: 
or cuttings as they are carried in the mud fluid from the hole. 
By diluting the mud in the bucket with clear water several 
times, the drill cuttings will alone remain and can be examined. 
Great care must be taken in examining the cuttings as the 
majority of the chunks washed up will be pieces of red and blue 
shale even though drilling in sand. If these cuttings snow. 
no small bits of sand, the driller, bearing in mind the.act ion 
his ” chain” and drill pipe and the extent to which his bit 
scoured, will probably log red or blue shale, hard, soft 


of 

is 

or 


sandy as the cuttings may indicate. 


If sand is encountered, the driller, if drilling care 
fully, will suspect it. By examining the bit he will find it 
scoured and out of gage. Sand particles will.probably appear 
in the cuttings after washing out and these pieces will vary, 
from the size of the lead of a pencil to chunks 3/16 inch 1x1 
diameter. Some pieces of free sand will.always be found. Un- 
less casing is set before the hole is drilled, into the sand, 
only a few pieces of sand will be found in a hand full oi cut¬ 
tings. These may have fallen from some sand above or may be 
from the formation just penetrated, so the driller's knowledge 
of the way his drill has been running and the appearance of 
the bit must finally decide the case. 


It is very hard to keep an accurate log of the forma 
tions at 20C0 feet at Comanche, as those formations are mostly 
sands or limes and pieces of sand from the upper formations are 
constantly knocked off by the drill pipe. Thus if a sand is 
■penetrated and is detected with some certainty by the action 
of the drill pipe, etc. the driller may > n wash out” . thoroughly 
and then find both gray and brown sand in the cuttings. In 
order to determine what he should log the driller snould recall 
the way the formation drilled, whether easy or hard, where tne 
last gray or brown sand was passed, and tnen examine the s^~nd 
to identify it if possible with one already passed, if operators 


- 18 - 







» 


would instruct their engineer or geologist to remain on the 
derrick floor for the purpose of collecting samples of the 
formation, particularly when the drill is nearing a key bed or 
a producing sand, the hazards of rotary drilling would be 
greatly diminished. 

Another safeguard against passing a formation has been 
employed with success by the Comanche Petroleum Co. This con¬ 
sists in having the day driller make new hole with a small 
bit, watching all formations carefully. The night driller then 
reams the hole and also watches the formations carefully, thus 
providing a check of the work. 

Use of Core Drills . 

To date no use has been made of core drills in the 
Comanche field. Core drills have been used in certa-in fields 
of Texas with considerable success. The.core drill is a device 
that can be substituted for the fish-taii bit and is valuable 
to use when drilling ahead to "feel" for the sand. At Comanche, 
for instance, it would be well worth while to take core samples 
from a point 75 or IOC feet, above where the sand is expected 
until the sand is encountered. Samples of stray sands encoun¬ 
tered with the rotary could also be obtained with such a drill 
without appreciable loss of time or trouble. 

Suitable Development Methods for C omanche.Field . 

In summarizing the most suitable development methods 
for a Red Bed area, the following points seem appropriate: 

1. Sink enough holes with standard tools to accurately 
locate all formations and in particular water, oil, and gas 
sands. 


2. Collect core samples, water, oil, and gas samples 
and water level data from each productive strata for use in 
connection with future development. 

3. Then conduct a rotary drilling campaign with all 
possible speed, slowing up only to locate certain well-defined 
markers and when within, say, one hundred feet of the expected 
productive sand. 

4. Proceed slowly with rotary when nearing sand, wash¬ 
ing out every two feet for a sufficient length of time to abso¬ 
lutely insure ’'returns” in the cuttings, or better still, in¬ 
stall cable tools. If it is planned to complete the well with 
rotary tools, immediately substitute clear water for mud fluid 
once the productive sand is encountered and circulate for some 
time to wash the sand clean of mud which may have penetrated it. 


- 19 - 


















» 


5* * If a sand found near the known productive zone fails 
to show oil, casing should be set and the sand tested for gas 
or water. 


6. As soon as the productive sand is determined, land 
pipe on the nearest suitable formation above and prepare to 
complete hole. 

7. After casing is landed, the hole should be bailed 
dry and allowed to stand for 12 hours,, then bailed again. If 
still dry, or only a barrel or so of water is found the job may 
be considered as good. 

_ If cement is used, the hole should stand undisturbed 

for two weeks; then it should be bailed dry or to a safe depth 

(to prevent collapse of casing.) After standing 12 hours, the 
bailer should be run again or the fluid level again taken to 
determine if the casing is leaking. Drill out the cement plug 
and allow the hole to stand 12 hours more before the bailer is 
run again to determine if water has come in. If the string is 
dry this time the well can be completed with certainty that the 
shut-off of upper waters is successful, A cemented hole can 
be completed more easily with a portable drilling machine. 

The usual drilling methods are followed after proper casing¬ 
head fitting and anchors have been provided. Thus, the rotary 
tools can be moved while the cement is setting and can be kept 
working to capacity, 

S. If well is to be completed with rotary, make a for¬ 
mation shut-off* and after the bailing test pump all mud from 
pit and substitute clear water for drilling in. 

10. Drill in slowly, 2 feet at a time and wash out re¬ 
turns, If sand is broken with shell or shale, test each sand 
as encountered in order to determine which carries gas, oil or 
water. Do not drill deeper than 55 feet below the top of the 
T/ilson formation* and in no case as deep as 85 feet below the 
top of the ITilson formation as bottom water may occur at this 
depth. 


11. A proper test for any sand consists of bailing the 
hole dry or to such depth that the gas blows out. It is not 
fair to condemn a sand until the hole is thoroughly washed with 
clear water and bailed in order to give the sand a chance to pro- 
duce, _ 

*See page 21 The Formation Shutoff, 

*See discussion. Page 21 The topmo.st producing sand is not 
necessarily the top of the TJilson formation. See also page 13 
Depth to Bottom Uater, 


- 20 - 










PROPER CASING DEPTHS. 


* 


In the Comanche field, however, the 
irregular that one can never be sure whether 
nearly reached the producing sand, so either 
of procedure must be followed. 


oil sands are so 
the drill has 
of two methods 


(l) Land the pipe well above the sand and prepare to 
set a liner in the open hole between the casing shoe and oil 
sand, or 


(3) Drill ahead with a small bit and "feel” for the 
sand, setting the casing on the nearest hard stratum above the 
sand or in gumbo or shale after the sand has been discovered. 


Although all operators extremely dislike to use liners, 
some have decided that they would rather set a liner than risk 
the rotary too near the sand. More certainty of water shut¬ 
off is obtained by this method, as a suitable formation for 
seating the casing may be chosen at any point above the sand, 


On the other hand, if the operator drills ahead with 
a small bit or uses a core drill when nearing the sand to 
safeguard himself in obtaining a good casing later, and if he 


tests the first sand near the depth shown by the contour map 
for the rilson formation, it is believed that the producing 
sand will be determined more readily and a minimum amount of 
open hole left between casing shoe and oil sand. Attention 
is again called to the necessity for testing a sand by setting 
a string of casing above it and bailing the hole. The method 
outlined allows some elasticity in casing depths and also in¬ 
sures a thorough test by bailing for every sand in the pro¬ 
ducing formation. 


METHOD OF SHUTTING OFF HATER AT COMANCHE 

The two usual methods, the formation shut-off and the 
cement shut-off, nave been used at Comanche for shutting off 
water. 

The Forma t ion Shut- Off.* 

To make the ideal for nation shut-off, it is desirable 
to find a hard lime shell a short distance above the oil sand 
in order (l) to provide a good impervious casing seat and (3) 
to finish the well with the smallest possible amount of open 
hole. 

* Tough, F7~B7~“Remar k s on the Formation Shut-off - U. S. 

Bureau of Mines Bulletin No. 163 - pp. 16 and 17. 


-31 





























\ 







•H +3 


A hard shell for a casing seat is not absolutely 
necessary, however, and will seldom be found at the right 
place, but a good shut-off can be made in shale or gumbo if 
ordinary care is used. Different ways of making the forma¬ 
tion shut-off are briefly described below. 

Pith Diamond Point Bit. - Rotary Tools 

By drilling about one foot into a hard lime with a 
diamond point bit, a shut-off can be effected by seating the 
casing, fitted with a strong and especially designed shoe, 
into this tapered hole. The great drawback of this method 
is the small area of contact between the casing shoe and the 
lime. A small water course would soon develop into a very 
substantial leak past the shoe. 

Seating the Casing in Small Hole - Rotary and Cable Tools . 

By drilling about 10 feet of small hole ahead of the 
casing and dropping the pipe with a strong shoe into this hole, 
a good shut-off can be made* The size of the small hole de¬ 
pends on the formation in which the string is to be landed. 

For 6 5/8 inch casing, for instance, the hole should be re¬ 
duced as follows; 

External diameter of 6 5/8 inch casing (all Weights) 7 inches 
Size hole carried with rotary for 6 5/8 inch casing 9 7/8 " 

If in shale or gumbo reduce hole to about • 6.1/2 " 

If in lime reduce hole to 7 " 

The casing must fit tightly against the formation. 

Formation shut-off with use of a packer - Rotary or Cable tools . 

J. C. Crurp, of the Fort Ring Oil Co,, recommends the 
use of a ’’poor man's” packer in conjunction with the formation 
shut-off. This packer need only be a small home-made affair 
of canvas wrapped on the pipe. Often two are used, say 8 feet 
apart. The small hole is drilled, but not so tight as to make 
the seating of the casing difficult. Cavings fall in between 
and on the top of these packers and eventually pack solidly 
around the shoe joint. Care should be taken not to drop the 
casing from any height for fear of damaging the shoe, buckling 
a coupling, or in ether ways injuring the string so that it 
will leak. Driving the pipe into place is also recognized as 
dangerous practice. 

Shut-Offs with the Use of Cement . 

The value of cement in shutting off upper water has been 
proven in the Comanche field and the writer heartily recommends 
ts use. However, in cementing a well one must know the forma- 
ions otherwise the casing may be set too low and shut off a 
good oil sand. It is therefore necessary that when a well is 







V 




•* .'V 



:**. f-. 





to be cemented, the sand be drilled into carefully and an ac¬ 
curate log obtained. 


BEST CEMENTING PRACTICE 

The various methods of placing cement behind water 
strings are covered quite thoroughly by F. J3. Tough in Bureau 
of Mines Bulletin 163* If the operator desires to use any one 
of the methods outlined below and is not familiar with all 
mechanical details, he should refer to Bulletin 163, However, 
a brief description of certain methods considered suitable for 
the Comanche area will be given in order to enable operators 
to chose the method most feasiVie for their particular wells. 

The Perkins Process , or Two-Plug Method , is much used 
in rotary holes, and should prove successful at Comanche, 35 
or 30 sacks of cement being enough. The cement is mined as 
thick as a pump can handle it and is pumped into the casing 
with a plug ahead and behind the cement to prevent the latter 
mingling with the mud fluid. 

The casing is lifted about one foot off the bottom and 
water is pumped in to drive the plugs down. When the pump 
stalls the plugs have hit the bottom, They are so necked that 
the upper part of the bottom one stands in the casing to pro¬ 
vide a seat for the top plug, yet it allows the cement to es¬ 
cape from the casing. By metering the water which is pumped 
in, an absolute check is made on the depth of the plug, thus 
preventing it from stopping high in the casing. The good cir¬ 
culation necessary for the success of this method is usually 
obtainable in a rotary hole,* 

The One-Plug Method . 

Most of the cementing jobs at Comanche have been done 
by using two plugs, but the job described here was done with 
only one plug" and that on top of the cement. Numerous jobs 
have proved the method successful. 

Description of Cementing Job, Carter 5, Comanche, Oklahoma . 

1, Had circulation with rotary mud 12:00 m, 

2, Bailed hole down 200 feet (casing on bottom) 2:00 p.m. 

3, Started mixin g: 25 sacks cement 2:30 p.m. 

*Tough, F. B. - Methods of Shutting Off Hater in Oil or pGas 
Hells - Bulletin No. 163 - U. 3. Bureau of Mines. 




















































4. 

5. 

6 . 

7, 

8 . 

9. 

10 . 


iii 


12 . 


13. 


Hole standing with 1100 feet of rotary mud 
inside casing 

Began pouring cement into casing 
Finished pouring. 

Put in wood plug, put on circulator head and 
lifted pipe 14 inches off bottom 
Circulating pump started 
Plug hit bottom and stalled pump 
Casing lowered to bottom and pump started, 
stalled again 

Gate valve closed on pump discharge line and 
pressure kept on for about 14 hours. 
Pressure released at end of 14 hours and tools 
.. moved, Hole stood 2 weeks before testing. 
Results of job; water shut out. 


2 :30 p. m. 
3:15 p.m. 
3:47 p.m. 

4:00 p.m. 
4:05 p.m. 
4:14 p.m. 

4:15 p.m. 


The time between the initial wetting of the cement and 
the final placing was longer in this instance than it should 
have been. 


Although certain modifications would help this method, 
it is not considered as safe as the two-plug method. 

Dump Bailer Method . 

This is probably the simplest method of placing a small 
batch of cement. Fifteen or twenty sacks are mixed in a box 
on the derrick floor and lowered in a dump bailer.* It will 
take about 3 runs with a 5 3/4 inch bailer 30 feet long to 
place 15 sacks. The casing should be pulled up 50 or 60 feet 
as the cement may stand as high as 50 feet in a hole drilled 
for 65/8 inch pipe. In a larger hole the casing need not be 
lifted so high. Fill the casing with water, place the cement 
and see that the casing head is closed, then lower casing to 
bottom. The water inside the pipe will prevent any cement 
from entering at the bottom and will cause the cement to rise 
in the hole outside the casing. This method is admirably 
adapted to the Comanche area as it is simple and trustworthy.,, 
but the operator is warned that the success of this method 
depends upon his ability to fill the casing full of water 
and keep it full while the head is being put on and the string 
being lowered,. If this can not be done, part of the cement 
will rise inside the casing and endanger the success of the 

job*.. 

■*If-a regular dump bailer is not at hand, an ordinary bailer 
“can be converted into a dump by suspending from the bail a 
chain long enough to play out with the cement and hold the 
valve off its seat as the bailer is raised. Drillers also 
make from a piece of steel, a small latch which bolts to the 
dart and holds the valve open, once the bailer dumps. 


- 24 - 














The Tubing; Methods. 


Because the tubing methods involve an unnecessary 
amount of work and material, and cement can be pla.ced in rotary 
holes by more simple means, it is not considered advisable 
to recommend their use in this field. 

SHOOTING TO BRING IN PRODUCTION 

It is believed that shooting will not materially help 
a non-productive well in the Filson formation because the sands 
are comparatively soft. The softness of the producing sands 
contrast strongly with the flinty oil sands of the northern 
part of the state. No set rule should be laid down, however, 
as the formations at Comanche show a decided tendency to change 
in character within short distances and one can never tell 
when a well may strike a hard limy oil sand that would need a 
shot before it would yield much oil. 


ANALYSES. 


(a) Oil.dis till ations . 

The accompanying distillations made by Mr. Law in the 
Bureau of Mines laboratory at Bartlesville were of samples ob¬ 
tained from the flow lines of each of the wells. 

The radical differences between oil from the Carter 
wells and that from the other wells of the field is noteworthy. 


This is a further 
a different sand. 

evidence 

that the 

Carter v/ells 

produce 

from 

DISTILLATIONS - COMANCHE CRUDE 

: Product♦*. 
Well : End Point 

Gasoline 
350° F 

Kerosene 
450^ p 

Mineral Seal 
590° F 

Residuum 

Crude 

Be 1 grav¬ 
ity at 

60° F 
„ 0 6tL 

T. a; Edmonds 



T 8 Tjo 

T0^~ 

K39 

n 

Carter 1 

27 

11 

IS 

43 

38° 

Carter 3 

26 

10 

23 

41 

36? 

Clara Wilson 1 

17 

12 

27 

44 

336 

J, Wilson 2 

17 

12 

22 

49 

33 b 

Isaac 1 

17 

16 

22 

45 

33 1 

Susan Perry 1* 

0 

12 

28 

60 

27 b 


*Sample from tank - Gravity compares favorably with field test 
as oil is too heavy to weather much. 


- 2 b- 




























Below appeal analyses of gases from both the shallow sand and 
the Wilson sand. Mr. R. 0. Neal and Mr. D. B. Dow of the Petroleum : 


% 




bD 

rH 

lovo co 

p 

p 

O 

lO CO 

d- C n o 

0 

G 

Pi 

* • 

* ♦ « 

p- 

® 

p —- 

rH 

o- o ’ r— 


O 

•rl 

rH rH 

rH rH iH 


5s 




to 

® 

CO 


>5 

rH 

<S 

c 

cj 

4> 

co 

® 

X 

P 


® 

ctf 

a 

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T3 


0 
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rH 

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> 

co 

CD 

H 

P 

P. 

a3 

PQ 


G 

O 

•H 

-P 

o3 

p 

co 


p 

G 

® 

a 

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Pi 

® 

ft 




S3 

® 

Pi 

P 

bj) C\J 

CD 

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PL. 

® 



o 

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S3 

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p 

X OJ 

Pi 

g 

P. o 

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CTj O 

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0 ^ 



S3 vD> 

Pi 

p 

<3 ft 

0 

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0 



cD '—- 

Pi 

p 

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CD 

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•rH 


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♦ 

Pi 

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0 

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cq 

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© W3 
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pf? 

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0 CO - 

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r 


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Pt 

0 


rQ 

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0<D 


LO rH rH 

O OJ 


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• V * 

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ft 

bo rH LO 

loro 

bO 

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« % 

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O O 

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>5 

o o o 

LOGO 

ft 

d CO OJ 

0- bC 

t3 

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• « 

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CO OJ 

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® 

6? 

rH OJ OJ 


03 

0- OJ OJ 

rH rH 

bu 

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% • 

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# • ♦ 

O- OA 

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CD CO O 

VO VO 

P 

P 

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=t LO 

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0- OA ft 

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25 


o 

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5; 


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d- 

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>, 




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-26 











































■t 



! 










(c) Water Analys es. 


As the writer was not in the field when Carter 1 was 
drilled, he could obtain no water samples from the upper sands. 
Below are the analyses of samples of bottom water taken at the 
depths of 1384 feet in Clara Wilson 3 and 1422 feet in-Weldon 1. 

A knowledge of the individual characteristics of every 
water in a field is extremely valuable. No matter what cau¬ 
tion may be exercised in development, sooner or later one or 
more producing wells will start to make water. Before attempt¬ 
ing to repair a wet well the source of the water must, of 
course, be known. One of the most dependable ways of learning 
just what sand the water comes from is by comparing a chemical 
analysis of the water with analyses of waters from known hori¬ 
zons. Although upper waters may show considerable similarity, 
in every field there has always been a marked difference be¬ 
tween the upper waters and the edge waters in the producing 
sand, or between upper waters and bottom waters (in strata be¬ 
low the producing sand). This fact is important for the op¬ 
erator does not particularly cars which of the upper water 
sands furnishes the water, but he does want to know 'whether 
the water string is leaking, whether the water is in the oil 
sand, or whether the well is drilled too deep. The form of 
presenting the chemical analyses for comparison must be chosen 
after enough water samples from different levels have been 
taken to permit accuracy and thoroughness in the study. For 
instance. Dr. Chase Palmer in U,S.Geological Survey Bulletin 
479 has based his study of waters principally upon alkalinity 
and salinity. Mr. R. 0. Neal’s pepper in Bulletin No. 145 of 
the American Institute of Mining Engineers, while giving due 
weight to alkalinity and salinity, calls attention to the 
great difference between the n total solids' 1, of bottom and of 
top waters. 

Other ways of expressing the analysis are in the terms 
of oxides, hypothetical compounds, and probably most important 
of all, the percenta-ge method.* Each of these methods has 
certain advantages, but A. VI, Ambrose** of the Bureau of Mines, 
in his study of California 'waters, found that the percentage 
method was most direct and least misleading. 

The analyses were made by D. B. Dow and M. S. Law of 
the_ Bartlesville stati on, 

*Stabler, H., U.S.G.S., Water Supply Paper 274; Palmer, Chase, 
U. S.G. S. , Bulletin No. 479. 

**Ambrose, A.¥,, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Bulletin soon to be 
issued. 









ANALYSTS OF WATER FROM CLARA WILSON 5. 


Section 20, T2S, R7W, Sand 1384 Feet. 
Presented by the percentage method. 


Note 

- A1 2°3 “ 

170.33 gr, per 

gallon ( 

probably colloidal) 

Ca 

Mg 

Na 

HC0 3 

S0 4 

Cl 

223.93 16.47 2556.71 

(xO.04994) (xO.0821) (x0.0434) 

3.74 

(xO.0164) 

5.38 

(xO. 0306) 

4370.87 grains 
per gal 
(xO.0282) 

11.16 

1.35 

110.95 

0.06 

0.11 

123,26 


123.47 

plus 


123,43 

= 246.90 



Percentages 



Ca 

Mg 

Na 

hco 3 

SO 4 

Cl 

4.53 

0.55 

44.94 

0.025 

0.045 

49.92 

Strong acids 
" bases 

49.965 

44.34 

Primary salinity 
Secondary salinity 

100 # 

89.88# 

10.05# 

Strong excess aci 
Weak bases 

Excess weak bases 

ds, 5.035 

5.07 

.045 

Secondary 

Alkalinity 

Total 

0.09# 

100 .02 <f~ 


ANALYSIS OF WATER FROM WELDON 1. 
Section 20, T3S, R7W. - Sand 1420 Feet. 


Ca 

Mg 

Na 

hco 3 

S0 4 

Cl 

156,547 

168.726 

2232.402 

5.366 

— 

4200.263 

(xO.0494) 

(xO.0831) (x0.0434) 

(xO.0164) 

(xO. 0308) 

(xO.0383) 

7. 733 

13.852 

96.886 

0.088 


118.446 


118.50 

plus 


118.51 

= 237.01 



Perce 

ntages 



Ca 

Mg 

Na 

hco 3 

so 4 

Cl 

3.26 

5.84 

40.88 

0.05 

0.0 

49.97 





Total 

1COT 

Strong acids 49 

.97 

Primary 

salinity 

31.76# 

Strong bases 40 

,86 

Secondary salinity 

18.18 

Excess strong acids 

9.09 

ii 

alkalinity 

0.03 

Weak bases 

9.10 



93.96# 


0.01 








































/ 



Comparison of Analyses 

- - ■* --——--—* — 

Ca 

Clara Wilson 3 6 jc 4.52 
Weldon 1 $ 3.36 

Mg 

0.55 

5,84 

Ka 

44.94 

40.38 

hco 3 

0.025 

0.05 

SO 

0.045 
0.00 ' 

Cl 

49.92 

49.97 


Total solids: 







Clara Wilson 3 

67,900 

grains 

per gallon. 


Weldon 1 

— 

73,480 

grains 

per gallon. 



The comparison of these waters does not have as much 
meaning as it would if a third water sample, from an upper 
sand has been analyzed* However, experience has proved that 
waters from different zones, particularly from one zone above 
and the other below the oil sand show more marked differences 
than can be found here. It is believed that the waters shown 
above are from the same stratum. 


Method of Taking; a Hater Sample 

A water sample is of no value unless undiluted and from 
a known horizon. The best method of obtaining water samples is 
from the bailer of a cable-tool drilling well when a new stratum 
is penetrated. 

Mater samples from one well are not enough for properly 
determining the characteristics of the various waters in the 
entire field. As many samples as possible should be obtained, 
for the value of the results depends primarily on the extent 
of the data. 

A water sample taken from a drilling well before the 
drilling water is bailed out is valueless. When the driller 
reports having struck a water sand, the procedure for obtaining 
a dependable sample is as follows: 

1, Make sure that the last water stratum above has 
been cased . off and is not furnishing the water. 

2. Run bailer 5 or 6 times to rid hole of drilling water 

and mud, 

3. When water is bailed up practically clear, have 
driller dump bailer over a bucket. 

4, Take duplicate samples to provide against breakage 
and loss. Two-quart fruit jars are excellent containers. 
































5. Label the samples and send them to the chemist, or 
store them until water troubles justify thorough study. 

T, ater samples should be .taken- early in the development 
of the field, for sooner or later water from different zones 
VI iH „intermingle,-and analyses of such mixtures of waters will 
be of no value, unless the analysis of individual waters had 
previously been determined. 


NEED FOR COOPERATIVE WORK BETWEEN THE ENGINEER AND DRILLER 

To enable the engineer and the driller to work together 
most^advantageously, and each benefit from the other's particu¬ 
lar knowledge, it is necessary to establish a mutual apprecia¬ 
tion for each other’s line of work. While the driller should 
be cautioned as to the necessity for keeping an accurate and 
descriptive record of his work to aid the engineer, the engi¬ 
neer on the other hand, should gather the information of the 
practical man until every phase of that work is familiar to 
him. In this way the two will eventually meet on a common foot¬ 
ing, each understanding the needs of the other. 

To educate-the driller in identifying formations is of 
the utmost value.* * The driller will rarely give the formations 
the attention that is desired, and he cannot be expected to 
become a mineralogist. He should, however, be expected to 
learn to identify the three main classes of formations encoun¬ 
tered in the Mid-Continent fields, namely sandstones, lime¬ 
stones, and clays or shales. If drillers could always distin¬ 
guish these three formations with certainty and add to their 
description the simple colors, such as red, blue, grey, black, 
white, and also whether hard, soft or sticky, the work of the 
•subsurface man would be greatly simplified. The standard tool 
drillers seem to keep a more careful log than the rotary tool 
drillers. The latter do not have as favorable opportunities 
for keeping the log, and many have been in the oil business 
so short a time that they have not realised the need of keeping 
a complete and accurate record of their operations. The writer 
has found practically every driller whom he has met in southern 
Oklahoma both ready and eager to locate key beds or markers. 

This in itself is a very great aid. But if the driller is to 
learn how to identify and properly record the formations, ought 
not the engineer to learn exactly what a driller means when he 
logs "red beds," 11 sandy lime rock" or "broken shale?" Surely 
it is easier for an engineer to learn the driller’s terms than 
to teach all the drillers in a field the engineer’s terms. 

The writer found that by learning from the drillers the exact 
meanings of the terms they used in keeping their logs he could 

make a much more intelligent correlation of the different logs. 

■ __ of 

*Udden, J« A.- Aids to Identification Geological Formations, 

Handbook Series, Bureau of Economic Geology, Univ.Texas,Austin,Te 


- 30 - 







"Ahat one driller calls a "sandy shale" another may log as "sand 
and shale" o^r even "broken shale*" 

Eoth standard and rotary drillers observe the action 
of their tools closely, the speed with which hole is made, the 
shape and marks on the bit when withdrawn from the hole, the 
mud on the bit and the cuttings bailed or washed from the hole. 

The cuttings are, of course, subjected to the ready tests of 
rhe eye (color, shape and texture) weight, touch, (whether 
hard, soft, gritty or gummy) and taste. A driller, provided 
with a vial of chloroform, might make the usual test for oil 
sand but this is rarely done.^ 

The engineer will seldom find a more baffling problem 
than that of rotary logs and to enable himself to interpret 
them intelligently he should strive to become familiar with 
the terms his drillers use. Often a driller logs a certain 
formation quite different from his tour mate; a knowledge of 
this fact is naturally of the utmost value* 

CONCLUSIONS 

This report is in fact a progress report and illus¬ 
trates the manner in which the engineer may apply principles 
to the development of a new oil field. 

The preparation of giaphic logs, stratigraphic contour 
maps, engineer’s sections, etc., was the first step taken in 
working up this new field, for these data, enable the engineer to un¬ 
derstand underground conditions. The contour map should now 
serve as a guide in future drilling, both as to location of new 
wells and the probable depths of the sands. 

The probable depths and contents of the various sands 
were determined by a correlation of all the known data and 
should aid future development methods. 

The writer believes that where possible the first few 
wells in any new field should be drilled with - cable tools. 
However, after the structure and sands have been roughly de¬ 
termined* combinat ion rotary and standard tools are ideally 
suited for carrying out subsequent development. The need for 
frequent and thorough tests for sands when drilling with rotary 
tools is again emphasised. 

Fhile formation shut-offs have served well in southern 
Oklahoma, the Bureau of Mines strongly favors the use of cement 
in shutting out water. A more certain and lasting job is thus 
obtained. 

Although the production of the Comanche field is still 
small, it seems advisable to recommend the taking of 'water sam¬ 
ples in order to solve future water troubles. The value of 
water analysis in oil field work has been thoroughly proven 
in other territories. 


- 31 - 
































c 



-V 





s 


APPENDIX 


Approximate Locations of 

Comanche V.' 


and elev, 

ations • 


Scaled, from Maps of 

1 

•inch to 

1000 

f e 

et - 

Sub j e 

ct to errors 

in keeping with 

that scale 

! * 












From Cor- 


True eleva- 



La t • 

Dop . 


ner 

of 

T-R 

tion. Derrick 






Section 


floor* 

Lone Star 'foil 


200 H 

500 

rr 

1 1 

SE 

Sec 

. 5 

2-7 

1138.5 

Magnolia Dobbs 1 


630 S 

150 

r7 i 

V-: 

HE 

n 

7 

ii 

998.5 

Edmonds 


2300 S 

2440 

S 

W! 

it 

12 

2-8 

1104. 

Patsy Oil Co., Prances 










Fobb 1. 


930 IT 

1130 

W 

SE 

n 

12 

ti 

1061. 

Dirks-Kisson Battiest. 


258 S 

2390 

E 

HW 

ii 

13 

ii 

1104.5 

Frank Perry 1 


2840 S 

1120 

w 

• i 

HE 

it 

18 

2-7 

1034. 

Magnolia Carter 3. 


1230 H 

200 

E 

SW 

ii 

17 

it 

1000.5 

» " 1 . 


910 N 

200 

E 

sw 

ii 

17 

11 

1006. 

II II o 


91C H 

680 

E 

SW 

it 

17 

ii 

999 . 

" " is- 


910 N 

250 

E 

sw 

n 

17 

ii 

1005. 

Clara Wilson 2. 


430 if 

200 

E 

SV. T 

it 

17 

it 

999 . 

Comanche-Bristow 1 . 


910 if 

200 

W 

SE 

ii 

13 

ii 

1009 . 

Exchequer - Bristow 1. 


200 IT 

1520 

w 

SE 

it 

13 

ii 

1023. 

John Wilson 2 


200 S 

1520 

w 

HE 

it 

19 

it 

1021.5 

Clara Wilson 4 


600 S 

150 

w 

HE 

ii 

19 

ii 

.983. 

ii ii i 


600 S 

150 

E 

m 

ii 

20 

ii 

978. 

ii ii 3 


150 S 

200 

E 

Hf 

ii 

20 

ii 

980. 

Park Well 


1660 S 

1820 

E 

HW 

tt 

20 

n 

979 . 

Weldon 1 


2680 S 

990 

E 

NW 

ti 

20 

ti 

933. 

Susan Perry 1 


1960 H 

1960 

W 

SE 

ii 

20 

ii 

1007. 

Leo-Lona Johnson 1 


900 S 

1770 

w 

HE 

ii 

29 

ii 

986. 

Enloe 2 


150 S 

480 

w 

HE 

ii 

30 

ii 

995. 

" 3 


680 S 

280 

w 

HE 

n 

30 

n 

973. 

» 1 


2100 S 

530 

yr 

HE 

ii 

30 

it 

970. 

Leo-Lena Johnson 2 


250 S 

2300 


HE 

it 

32 

it 

955.Estimated 

Keoghan & Hurst-Colbert 


950 S 

150 

w 

HE 

ti 

25 

it 

1019 .5 

Osage Oil & Gas 


1450 S 

150 

w 

HE 

ti 

24 

it 

1040. 

Alice Isaac 


600 S 

1950 

E 

hw 

n 

19 

n 

1018. 

John Wilson 1 


1050 S 

2450 

vr 
*« 

HE 

ii 

19 

ii 

1000. 

Comanche Isaac 2 Location 

1160 S 

1800 

E 

NW 

ii 

19 

ii 

1006.5 

Maenolia Brown 1 


1460 S 

1800 

E 

m 

it 

19 

ii 

1003.5 

Comanche Isaac 3 Location 

1460 S 

2100 

E 

HW 

it 

19 

ii 

1006.5 

Bristow 2 


950 H 

200 

W 

SE 

ti 

18 

n 

1009. 

John Wilson 3 


700 S 

1520 

W 

HE 

it 

19 

n 

1020. 


- 32 - 




































































'■ % 






s 


Individual Veil Sis terras 


\7. T* Amos Well , Section 30, T2S, R7W* 

No reliable data available. Dry hole. 

Comanche Petrol etna Co., Clara I ' ilson 1, Sec. 20, T2S, R7W. 

Completed August 1913 - Rotary tools. 

Casing 6-5/8 - Approximately 1286 feet - Formation shutoff. 

Pay Sand, 1286 to 1324 feet. 

Depth 1327 feet 

Initial production, 20 million cubic feet dry gas. 

Rock pressure approximately 5C0 lbs. 

In spring of 1919 well began to show oil. If properly tubed would 
probably make 20 barrels per day . 


Comanche Petroleum Co., Enloo 1 , Sec* 30, T2S, R7W. 


Completed Dec. 6, 1918 - Rotary tools. 
Sand Record: 

Sand showed water and gas 
Scuid, sandy lime and quartz gravel 
tested salt water 
Sand tested salt water 
Sand tested salt water 
Sand tested salt water 
Dep th 


475-520 feet 

1151-1195 » 

1431-1480 " 

1596-1616 » 

1921-1937 " 

1937 " 


Plugged with mud fluid - abandoned - casing pulled. 


Comanche Petroleum Comuanv. Alice Isaac 1 , Sec. 19, T2S, R7W. 

Completed Dec. 28, 1918 - Rotary tools* 

Casing 8x" - landed at 1382 feet - Formation shutoff. 
Sand Record: 

Broken sand - showed oil 1383-1394 feet 

Oil sand 1394-1405 " 

Deepened 14 feet Sept. 1919 - cable 

tools - Blue shale from 1405-1419 " 

Initial production 30 b/d oil. 


- 33 - 

















« 



















\ 





* 


Note: - This well made oil for about two months, being pumped. Suddenly 
it turnod to a gas producer for two days, then wont back to making oil. 
It has boon flowin.: at the rate of 15 barrels since. 

Comanche Petroleum Co., John \ r ilson 1, Sec. IS, T2S, R7W. 

Completed spring 1919 - Rotary tools. 

Casing 6-5/8" - 1359 feet - Formation shut-off. 

Sand Record: 

Sandy shale (probably 850-foot gas sand) 863-375 feet 

Pay sand (gas) 1367-14C9 " 

Total depth 1409 " 

Initial production, 16 million era. ft. per day 
gas. 

Rock pressure 480 lbs* 

October 1919 - Well went to oil - 60 b/d oil - about 15 b/d water. 
Now being repaired. 


C omanche Petroleum Co., F ra nk Perry 1, Sec. 18, T2S, R7W. 


Conpleted April 1919 - Rotary tools. 

Casing 6-5/3" - 1930 feet - Formation shut-off. 
Sand Record: 

Broken sand (Wilson) 

Sand and shells 

Blue sand (probably "bottom water") 

(Sand ) Probably all mem- 

(Sand and shells ) bers of 1800-foot 
(Sand - asphaltm ) oil sand. 

Sand showod 511 
Total denth 


1^33-144c 
1460-1480 
1509-1532 
1560-1380 
1907-1916 
1929-1952 
2 254-2264 
2264 


feet 


Lost tools while preparing for test on deep sand - abandoned. 


Comanche Petroleum Co., Susan Perry No. 1 , Sec. 20, T2S, R7W. 

Completed March 1, 1919 - Rotary tools. 

Casing 6-5/8" - landed at 1559 feet - Formation shut-off. 

Sand Record: 

Sand showed oil (no test) 1097-1115 feet 

Sand (Wilson?) (no test) 1308-1337 " 

Sand carried oil and water 1559-1569 " 

Total depth 1569 " 

Note: When two feet into the sand at 1559 feet good showing of 
oil was noticed. Role deepened to 1569 feet and salt water came in. 
Inasmuch as the water string had tested dry it seems that the sand 
carried both oil and water. Consequently the hole was plugged with 
two wooden nlu^s from 1569 to 1563 feet. Water still came in, so 


- 34 - 



































« 



plugs were drilled out and hole filled to 1563 feet with a limit plug, 
set in neat cement and well driven. The top of the present plug is 
1563 feet. The well will make about two barrels of oil and fifty bar¬ 
rels of water per 24 hours. The oil is a heavier grade than the oil 
from the Wilson sand, testing about 28°Be. gravity from the flow line. 


Keou ,-han and Hurst Comanche Park Well , Sec. 20, T2S, R7W. 


Completed September 1919 - Rotary tools to 2110 feet 


to end. 

Casing 8^” - Cemented at 1290 feet 

6-5/8” - Landed at 2110 feet. 


Sand Record: 

Sand salt water (Wilson) 
Hard dry tar sand 
Hard sand, dry 
Brown sand 

Gray sand - salt water 
Total depth about 
Abandoned - Dry hole. 


1293-1298 feet 
1545-1555 ” 

.1555-1565 ” 

2124-2132 " 

2132-2170 ” 

2500 ” 


Cable tools 


Magnolia Petroleum Co«. Carter 1 , Sec. 17, T2S, R7W. 


Completed May 1 
Casin':: 20” 

i3i" 

10” - 947 » 

8^” - 1336 » 

6-5/8" - 1376 ” 

Sand Record: 

Water sand 

Water sand - Show of gas 
Wa,ter sand 
850-foot gas layer 
Water sand 
Gas sand 
Gas sand 

Sand showed oil (?) 

Water sand 
Water sand 
Oil sand 
Original depth 
Deepened September 1919 - Present 

depth 


All casing landed in the formation 
no cement used. 


295-303 feet 
395-415 " 

495-505 ” 

341-851 » 

398-910 " 

948-954 ” 

963-968 ” 

1029-1042 " 
1042-1051 » 
1102-1120 » 
1373-1394 » 
1381 » 

1395 ” 


Initial production - oil 50 b/d - Flowed. 

After deepening prod^^ction rose to 160 b/d flowed. 


1919 - Cable tools- 
42 feet 
543 » 


- 35 - 


























magnolia Petroleum Co., Carter lg , See. 17, T2S, R7W. 


Completed August 1919 - Cable tools. 

Sand Record: 

850-foot gas sand 319-829 feet. 

Initial production 2^ million cubic feet per day. 

Rock pressure - 310 lbs. 

Note:- There is some discrepancy in measurement in either 
this well or Carter 1, as they are of the same elevation and 
only 50 feet apart, and the pas sand was found some 22 feet 
higher in Carter la than in Carter 1. 


T. A. Edmonds-Fos tor Nil son I. Sec. 12, T2S, R8U. 


Completed April 1919 - Rotary -cools. 

Casing Record: 

8^” - landed in formation 1540 feet 
6-5/8” - liner 1540-1600 feet. 

Sand Record: 

Pack sand (850-foot sand?) 

Sandy gumbo and lime - slight 
show gas 

Hard sand - showed oil 
Sand - slight show of oil 
Oil sand (Nilson) 

Total depth 

Note: Pell was closed in for five montns. Pumping test in 
September showed a production of 4 barrels per day which in¬ 
creased to 8 or 9 barrels per day. Nell has never been 
cleaned. If cleaned and properly tubed would probably make 
12 or 15 barrels per day of 40°Be» oil. 


650-665 feet 


1*3:23-1428 
1431-1433 
1185-1500 
1591-1600 
1600 


Patsy Oil Co.. Prances Foob 1 , Sec. 12, T2S, R8VJ. 

Completed April 23, 1919 - Rotary tools. 

Casing: 8i u ~- landed at 1590 feet - Formation Shut-off. 

Sand Record: 

Hard sand - snowed litele gas lo50-1557 fe^o 
Hard pack sand (tested?) x589-162l 

Total depth 1621 " 

No production - Hole standing idle - Rig down. 


















Pawnee Osage Oil and Gas Co., Barnett 1 . Sec. 24, T2S» R8W. 


Completed May 20, 1919. - Rotary tools. 

Casing: 6-5/8" - landed at 1^55 feet - Formation shut-off. 
Sand Record: 

Sand showed gas 549-555 feet 

Sand showed gas 616-620 " 

Hard sand (850-foot gas sand?) 952-972 " 

Oil sand ) . 1492-1498 " 

Sand carried oil and water) ' x ^° n 1533-154-* " 


Note: It is thought that this well marks the position of edge 
water in the Wilson sand as the lower lens of sand appears to 
he part of the Wilson formation; also the intervening layer 
having graded into shale. On John Wilson 1 there were two simi¬ 
lar pay streaks while the intervening formation was logged "broken 
formation." 


Comanche Petroleum Co., Enloe 2 , Sec. 30, T2S, R7W. 

Completed May 1919 - Rotary tools. 

Hole junked. 

Sand Record: 

Oil sand - dead 1151-1161 feet 

Sand (no test) Wilson 1422-1467 " 

Abandoned. 


Comanche Petroleum Co.. Enloe 5 , Sec. 30, T2S, R7W. 
Drilling with rotary tools. 

Nothing of interest to report up to 2001 feet. 


Comanche Petroleum Co., Clara Wilson 2, Sec. 17, ‘T2S, R7VJ. 


Completed June 19, 1919 - Rotary tools. 

Casing: 6-5/8" - landed at 1340 feet - Formation shut-off. 
Sand Record: 


Sand (850-foot gas layer?) 

Sand - Slight show asphaltum 

Cray sand, soft 

Sand 

Sand - show of oil 
Sand - salt water (bottom water) 
Total depth 


840-350 feet 
1119-1123 " 
1318-1325 » 


1338-1344 

1353-1358 

1437-1443 

1443 


Well probably good for 2 or 3 barrels per day. Abandoned. 


- 37 - 


















Comanche Petroleum Co,. Bristow 1 , Sec. 18, T2S, R7W. 


Completed July 1919 - Rotary tools to 1366 feet - Cable tools 
1366 to 1405 feet. 

Casing: 6-5/8" - 1359 feet - cemented. 

Sand record: 

» Sand (850-foot gas sand) 835-846 feet 

Sand - carried some oil 1363-1370 " 

Blue shale 1370-1405 " 

Total depth 1405 " 

Note: Oil stood 100 feet in the hole after well stood over night. 
From that time on no oil came into the hole. A shot of 20 quarts 
of nitro-glycerine was therefore set off between 1363 and 1373 feet, 
but after cleaning out thoroughly no oil came into hole. 


Comanche Petroleum Co., Clara Wilson 3 , Sec. 20, T2S, R7\7» 


Conpleted May 30, 1919 - Rotary tools to 1307 feet - cable 
tools 1307 to 1388 feet - Rotary tools 1388 to 1598 feet. 


Casing; 6-5/8" - 1307 feet - cemented. 
Sand Record: 

Gray shale and sand 
Sand - poor showing of oil 
Sand and gravel carries salt water 
(bottom water sand) 

Total depth 


1282-1307 feet 
1307-1315 » 

1334-1388 » 

1598 » 


Lost tools - Abandoned. 


Exchequer Petroleum Co., Brlstow 


Sec 


18, T2S, R7V, r . 


Completed September 1919 - 


Ro tary 

Cable tools 1412 feet to end. 

Casing: 6-5/8" - 1410 feet - Cemented. 
Sand Record: 

Sand 
Sand 
Sand 
Sand 
Blue 


tools to 1412 feet - 


- gas 

- carried gas 

- good show gas 

- showed oil 
shale 


842-847 feet 
1223-1234 » 

1343-1360 » 

1410-1412 " 

1412-1425 » (approx.) 


Note: The Wilson sand at 1343 feet was cased off behind the 
6-5/8" casing. The well was abandoned without effort to repair. 


- 38 - 
























I 










Comanche Petroleu m Co., Clara Wilson Sec. 19, 


T2S, R7W. 


Deep test - Now drilling. 

Casing; 84 11 - 2623 feet - Cemented. 

Sand Record: 

Shale and boulders (probably Wilson sand) 
Oil sand (Nilson sand) 

Oil sand good (no test) 

Water sand 
'iard sandy lino 
Oil sand 

Brown sand (probably carries water - no 
test) 

Present depth 

Nothing of interest to date. 


1284-1313 feet 
1313“1320 " 

1377-1405 " 

.1549-1566 » 

1751-1765 " 

1765-1324 " 

2133-2186 " 

2625 " 


Comanche Petroleum Company, John Wilson 2 . Sec. 19, T2S, R7T7. 


Completed July 7, 1919 - Rotary tools. 

Casing: 6 - 5 / 8 " - 1345 feet - Formation shut-off. 
Sand record: 


Gas sand 

Sand showed some oil 
Wilson oil sand 
Blue gumbo 
Oil sand 

Deepened 7 feet - oil sand 
To toil depth 

Initial production - 12 million cu. 

Rock pressure 310 lbs. 

Production after deepening, 8 barrels per day oil - water 0. 


853-875 feet 
1277-1281 » 
1350-1356 » 
1356-1361 » 
1361-1371 » 
1371-1378 » 
1378 » 

ft. gas per day. 


Magnolia Petroleum Co.. Carter 2 . Sec. 17, T2S, R7\7. 


Drilling 


Casing: 


Rotary tools 0 to 1351 feet 

Cable tools 1351 to 1400 " 

Rotary tools 1400 to 1804 " 

Cable tools 1804 to present depth. 
6-5/8" - 1351 feet - Cemented. 

5-3/16" - 1800 feet - Formation shut-off. 


Sand Record: 

850-foot gas sand 
Broken sand-poor showings of oil 
Sandy lime (bottom water strata) 
1800-foot oil sand 

Note: Installed Star rig at 1804 feet 
shale from 1804 to 1820 feet. 


842-864 feet 
1365-1377 » 
1440-1477 " 
1800-18C4 » 
Drill penetrated red 




















I 






IjagnoUa petro leum Co.. Carter 3 t See. 17, T2S, R?Y, r . 


Completed September 19IS - Rotary tools 0 to 1327 feet 

Cable tools 1327 to 1388 " 

Casing: 6-5/8" - 1327 feet - Cemented. 

Sand Record: 

Sand-strong gas showing • 842-863 feet 

Sand-slight show gas and oil 1240-1251 " 

°i} sand 1363-1388 " 

Initial production 40 barrels per day oil. 


Coma nche Petroleum Co.. John V.'ilsen s. Sec. 19, T2S, R7YJ. 


Completed October 1919 - Rotary tools. 
Casing: 6-5/8" - 1770 feet - Cemented. 
Sand Record: 

Grsvy sand (850-foot gas?) 

Brown and gray sand showed oil 
Sand - oil showing 
Red shale and gravel) 

Sand ) rjilson 

Oil sand ) formation 

Hard sandy lime (bottom water zone?) 

Sand - show of oil 

Sand - show of oil and water 


860-870 feet 
1224-1252 
1305-1317 
1360-1372 
1399-1403 
1403-1415 
1450-1460 
1776-1786 
1799-1809 
1809 


Present depth 

Note: Nell shot with 20 quarts nitro-glycerine - Pipe bad 
Pumping test showed 15 b/d«- Oil gravity 35° Be. 


Herman Dirks -• glsson Battiest 1, Sec. 13, T2S, R7W. 

Drilling: Rotary tools '0 to 1317 feet 

Cable tools 1317 to end. 

Casing: 6-5/3" - 1317 feet - Formation shut off with packer. 
Sand Record: 

Sand (logged as water sand but 

probably 850-foot gas layer) 1080-1087 feet 

Sand (tested water (Nilson?) 1556-1561 " 

Still drilling* 

Keoughan and Hurst, Colbert 1 , Sec. 25, T2S, R8Y». 

\ 

Completed July 5, 1919 - Rotary tools. 

Sand: - All pulled. 

Sand Record: 

No sands of interest. 

Depth - 1620 feet 
Dry hole - Abandoned. 


- 40 - 



















J 

















i 




X 













Comanche Petroleum Co., Luolona John son 1, Sec. 20, T2S- R?W._ 

Completed April 14, 1919 - Rotary toois 
Casing; 6-5/3" - 877 feet - Formation shut off. 

Sand Record; 

Gas sand 877 to 380 feet. 

Initial production - million cu. ft. dry gas. 

Rock pressure 310 lbs. 

Comanche Petroleum Company. Bristow 2, Sec. 18, T2S, R7W. 
Completed July 22, 1919 - Rotary tools. 

Casing; 6-5/8" - 837 feet approximately - Formation shut-off. 
Sand Record: 

Gas sand 837-644 feet* 

Initial production - 2 million cubic feet per day dry gas. 
Rock pressure 250 lbs. 

Comanche Petroleum Co., Leolena Johnson 2, Sec. 32, T2S, R7W. 
Casing pulled. 

All sands carried water - Nothing of iiiterest reported. 

Dry hole - Abandoned. 


Magnolia Petroleum Co., Brown 1, Sec. 20, T2S, R7W. 


Drilling: Rotary tools 0 to 1325 feet 

Cable tools 1325 to 1475 " 

Rotary tools 1475 to ? 

Casing; 6-5/8" - 1325 feet - Cemented. 

Sand Record: 


Hard gray sand - gas showing 

Sand showing gas 

Sand - slight show of oil 


415-445 feet 
980-936 " 

1356-1358 » 


Magnolia Petroleum Co.» Dobbs 1, Sec. 7, T2S, R7W* 


Drilling: Cable tools 
Casing: 

15-2-" - 60 feet 

12a'" - 605 » 

10" : - 1243 " 

8 - 5 " - carrying 
Sand Record: 

Water sand 
Water sand 
Gas and water sand 
Water sand 
Salt water sand 


585-605 feet 
666-678 » 

1011-1024 » 
1107-1122 " 
1375-1385 » 

- 41 - 
























r 





\ 








Magnolia Petroleum Co.. Chas. Andreae 1 , Sec. 24, T2S, R2Y, r . 


Suspended - cemented. Rotary tools 0 to 1396 feet 

Cable tools 1396 to ? 
Casing: 6-5/8" - 1396 feet - Cemented. 

Sand Record: 

Hard sand - showed gas 235-265 feet 
Hard sand - showed gas 300-395 feet 










